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微地震监测 8

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Distributed flexible reconfigurable condition monitoring and diagnosis technology

HU You-min, YANG Shu-zi, DU Run-sheng

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第3期页码 276-281 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0025-z

摘要： As manufacturing becomes increasingly decentralized, flexible and reconfigurable, more research needs to be done on monitoring and diagnosis technology that accommodate these new trends. The distributed condition monitoring and diagnosis technology based on the flexible and reconfigurable concept is studied here. A condition monitoring diagnosis model based on the distributed flexible and reconfigurable idea is proposed in this paper. The component makeup and functions of this model are discussed in detail. The model can fulfill in most instances the manufacturing system requirements for changing the configuration of the monitoring diagnosis system according to different manufacturing system configurations. This model also realizes the flexibility and reconfigurability of the monitoring diagnosis system in some degree. The model has already spawned a successful prototype for monitoring a chemical plant in accomplishing monitoring and control of the production process and equipment. Finally, some future research work is pointed out.

关键词： chemical diagnosis system configuration monitoring equipment

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Distributed monitoring and diagnosis system for hydraulic system of construction machinery

Xiaohu CHEN, Wenfeng WU, Hangong WANG, Yongtao ZHOU,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第1期页码 106-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0089-7

摘要： This paper mainly presents a distributed monitoring and diagnosis system for the hydraulic system of construction machinery based on the controller area net (CAN) field bus. The hardware of the distributed condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system is designed. Its structure including the sensors, distributed data acquisition units, central signal processing unit, and CAN field bus is introduced. The software is also programmed. The general software design and its realization are studied in detail. The experiments and applications indicate that the distributed condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system can effectively realize its function of real-time online condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for the hydraulic system of construction machinery.

关键词： construction machinery hydraulic system distributed condition monitoring controller area net (CAN) field bus fault diagnosis

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Real-time tool condition monitoring method based on temperature measurement and artificial neural network

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0661-3

摘要： Tool failures in machining processes often cause severe damages of workpieces and lead to large quantities of loss, making tool condition monitoring an important, urgent issue. However, problems such as practicability still remain in actual machining. Here, a real-time tool condition monitoring method integrated in an in situ fiber optic temperature measuring apparatus is proposed. A thermal simulation is conducted to investigate how the fluctuating cutting heats affect the measuring temperatures, and an intermittent cutting experiment is carried out, verifying that the apparatus can capture the rapid but slight temperature undulations. Fourier transform is carried out. The spectrum features are then selected and input into the artificial neural network for classification, and a caution is given if the tool is worn. A learning rate adaption algorithm is introduced, greatly reducing the dependence on initial parameters, making training convenient and flexible. The accuracy stays 90% and higher in variable argument processes. Furthermore, an application program with a graphical user interface is constructed to present real-time results, confirming the practicality.

关键词： tool condition monitoring cutting temperature neural network learning rate adaption

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In-situ condition monitoring of reinforced concrete structures

Sanjeev Kumar VERMA,Sudhir Singh BHADAURIA,Saleem AKHTAR

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 420-437 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0336-z

摘要： Performance of concrete structures is significantly influenced and governed by its durability and resistance to environmental or exposure conditions, apart from its physical strength. It can be monitored, evaluated and predicted through modeling of physical deterioration mechanisms, performance characteristics and parameters and condition monitoring of in situ concrete structures. One such study has been conducted using Non-destructive testing equipment in the city of Bhopal and around located in India. Some selected parameters influencing durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures such as concrete cover, carbonation depth, chloride concentration, half cell potential and compressive strength have been measured, for establishing correlation among various parameters and age of structures. Effects of concrete cover and compressive strength over the variation of chloride content with time are also investigated.

关键词： concrete carbonation chloride corrosion monitoring models

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Condition monitoring of a wind turbine generator using a standalone wind turbine emulator

Himani,Ratna DAHIYA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 286-297 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0419-5

摘要： The intend of this paper is to give a description of the realization of a low-cost wind turbine emulator(WTE) with open source technology from graze required for the condition monitoring to diagnose rotor and stator faults in a wind turbine generator (WTG). The WTE comprises of a 2.5 kW DC motor coupled with a 1 kW squirrel-cage induction machine. This paper provides a detailed overview of the hardware and software used along with the WTE control strategies such as MPPT and pitch control. The emulator reproduces dynamic characteristics both under step variations and arbitrary variation in the wind speed of a typical wind turbine (WT) of a wind energy conversion system (WECS). The usefulness of the setup has been benchmarked with previously verified WT test rigs made at the University of Manchester and Durham University in UK. Considering the fact that the rotor blades and electric subassemblies direct drive WTs are most susceptible to damage in practice, generator winding faults and rotor unbalance have been introduced and investigated using the terminal voltage and generated current. This wind turbine emulator (WTE) can be reconfigured or analyzed for condition monitoring without the need for real WTs.

关键词： condition monitoring (CM) wind turbine emulator (WTE) wind turbine generator (WTG) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) tip speed ratio (TSR) rotor faults stator faults

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Special issue: Wind turbine dynamic modeling, condition monitoring and diagnosis

Zheng YOU, Jinji GAO, Fulei CHU, Tielin SHI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 279-280 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0476-4

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Overview of condition monitoring and operation control of electric power conversion systems in direct-drive

Shoudao HUANG, Xuan WU, Xiao LIU, Jian GAO, Yunze HE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 281-302 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0442-1

摘要：

Electric power conversion system (EPCS), which consists of a generator and power converter, is one of the most important subsystems in a direct-drive wind turbine (DD-WT). However, this component accounts for the most failures (approximately 60% of the total number) in the entire DD-WT system according to statistical data. To improve the reliability of EPCSs and reduce the operation and maintenance cost of DD-WTs, numerous researchers have studied condition monitoring (CM) and fault diagnostics (FD). Numerous CM and FD techniques, which have respective advantages and disadvantages, have emerged. This paper provides an overview of the CM, FD, and operation control of EPCSs in DD-WTs under faults. After introducing the functional principle and structure of EPCS, this survey discusses the common failures in wind generators and power converters; briefly reviewed CM and FD methods and operation control of these generators and power converters under faults; and discussed the grid voltage faults related to EPCSs in DD-WTs. These theories and their related technical concepts are systematically discussed. Finally, predicted development trends are presented. The paper provides a valuable reference for developing service quality evaluation methods and fault operation control systems to achieve high-performance and high-intelligence DD-WTs.

关键词： direct-drive wind turbine electric power conversion system condition monitoring fault diagnosis operation control under faults fault tolerance

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Frontier of continuous structural health monitoring system for short & medium span bridges and condition

Ayaho MIYAMOTO, Risto KIVILUOMA, Akito YABE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 569-604 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0498-y

摘要： It is becoming an important social problem to make maintenance and rehabilitation of existing short and medium span(10-20 m) bridges because there are a huge amount of short and medium span bridges in service in the world. The kernel of such bridge management is to develop a method of safety(condition) assessment on items which include remaining life and load carrying capacity. Bridge health monitoring using information technology and sensors is capable of providing more accurate knowledge of bridge performance than traditional strategies. The aim of this paper is to introduce a state-of-the-art on not only a rational bridge health monitoring system incorporating with the information and communication technologies for lifetime management of existing short and medium span bridges but also a continuous data collecting system designed for bridge health monitoring of mainly short and medium span bridges. In this paper, although there are some useful monitoring methods for short and medium span bridges based on the qualitative or quantitative information, mainly two advanced structural health monitoring systems are described to review and analyse the potential of utilizing the long term health monitoring in safety assessment and management issues for short and medium span bridge. The first is a special designed mobile loading device(vehicle) for short and medium span road bridges to assess the structural safety(performance) and derive optimal strategies for maintenance using reliability based method. The second is a long term health monitoring method by using the public buses as part of a public transit system (called bus monitoring system) to be applied mainly to short and medium span bridges, along with safety indices, namely, “characteristic deflection” which is relatively free from the influence of dynamic disturbances due to such factors as the roughness of the road surface, and a structural anomaly parameter.

关键词： condition assessment short & medium span bridge structural health monitoring(SHM) long-term data collection system maintenance bridge performance information technology loading vehicle(public bus) in-situ loading

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Distributed fiber optic monitoring of a CFA pile with a central reinforcement bar bundle

Yi RUI, Nicholas de BATTISTA, Cedric KECHAVARZI, Xiaomin XU, Mei YIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 167-176 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0581-z

摘要： In this paper, we present an application of distributed fiber optic sensor (DFOS) technology to measure the strain of a continuous flight auger (CFA) test pile with a central reinforcement bar bundle, during a static load test carried out in London. Being distributed in nature, DFOS gives much more information about the pile performance as compared to traditional point sensors, such as identifying cross-sectional irregularities or other anomalies. The strain profiles recorded along the depth of the piles from the DFOS were used to calculate pile deformation (contraction), shaft friction, and tip resistance under various loads. Based on this pile load test, a finite element (FE) analysis was performed using a one-dimensional nonlinear load-transfer model. Calibrated by the shaft friction and tip resistance derived from the monitored data, the FE model was able to simulate the pile and soil performance during the load testing with good accuracy. The effect of the reinforcement cage and central reinforcement bar bundle were investigated, and it was found that the addition of a reinforcement cage would reduce the pile settlement by up to 20%.

关键词： continuous flight auger pile static load test central reinforcement bar bundle distributed fiber optic sensor finite element load transfer

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Real-time monitoring of brake shoe keys in freight cars

Rong ZOU,Zhen-ying XU,Jin-yang LI,Fu-qiang ZHOU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第3期页码 191-204 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400305

摘要： Condition monitoring ensures the safety of freight railroad operations. With the development of machine vision technology, visual inspection has become a principal means of condition monitoring. The brake shoe key (BSK) is an important component in the brake system, and its absence will lead to serious accidents. This paper presents a novel method for automated visual inspection of the BSK condition in freight cars. BSK images are first acquired by hardware devices. The subsequent inspection process is divided into three stages: first, the region-of-interest (ROI) is segmented from the source image by an improved spatial pyramid matching scheme based on multi-scale census transform (MSCT). To localize the BSK in the ROI, census transform (CT) on gradient images is developed in the second stage. Then gradient encoding histogram (GEH) features and linear support vector machines (SVMs) are used to generate a BSK localization classifier. In the last stage, a condition classifier is trained by SVM, but the features are extracted from gray images. Finally, the ROI, BSK localization, and condition classifiers are cascaded to realize a completely automated inspection system. Experimental results show that the system achieves a correct inspection rate of 99.2% and a speed of 5 frames/s, which represents a good real-time performance and high recognition accuracy.

关键词： Condition monitoring Feature expression Brake shoe key Machine vision

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采用分布式光纤传感技术的土坝模型渗漏监测分析

朱萍玉,蒋桂林,冷元宝

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第3期页码 82-85

摘要：

建立了采用分布式光纤传感技术的模拟堤坝渗漏监测系统，用来人工模拟土坝渗漏，并得到该种情况下测试光纤长度上的应变图，验证了采用分布式光纤传感技术监测土坝的可行性；运用ANSYS软件建立与试验模型相对应的有限元分析模型，通过选择合适单元，简化边界条件，对一定的工况进行加载分析，得出载荷与应变的关系，以及载荷与塌陷土层重量的关系。文中方法和结论有助于进一步定量研究土坝渗漏大小程度和光纤传感器的合适埋设深度。

关键词：光纤传感技术土坝模型监测应变 ANSYS

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西堠门大桥结构监测系统的设计与实现（II）：系统实现

刘志强,李娜,郭健 ,冯良平,宋刚

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第7期页码 101-106

摘要：

采用“西堠门大桥结构监测系统的设计与实现（I）：系统设计”中的设计方法，为西堠门大桥设计并实现桥梁结构监测系统。研究西堠门大桥结构监测系统的总体设计方案、子系统的设计方案及其软硬件的实现。分析西堠门大桥结构监测系统在运营中监测的桥梁荷载和结构响应。研究结果表明，西堠门大桥结构监测系统正常运行，实现了预期设计功能，基于工业以太网分布式数据采集与传输系统在桥梁结构监测系统中得以成功应用，可在其他工程中加以推广。

关键词：桥梁结构监测系统工业以太网分布式数据采集系统系统集成

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新型400 km·h⁻¹ 级架空接触网监测技术

Chul Jin Cho, Young Park

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第3期页码 360-365 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.03.016

摘要：

近年来，高速铁路各项技术不断发展，列车运行速度从300 km•h–1 提高到400 km•h⁻¹。本文介绍了由韩国研究者开发和论证的技术，即400 km•h⁻¹ 级集电性能评估方法。此外，本文还详细解释了基于视频图像的监测技术，其不需要直接接触供电系统的任何部件，这项技术被应用于检测以时速400 km 运行的高铁上架空接触网组件的稳定性。与常规使用激光传感器或者线相机(line camera)来监控架空接触网的系统不同，开发的新型系统通过视频数据来测量其处于活动状态的参数。根据在商业线路上实地测量的结果，这种系统能有效地测量架空接触网的各项参数。

关键词：高速铁路架空接触网状态监测基于图像处理的测量方式

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全国建筑物遥感监测与分布式光伏建设潜力分析

王光辉,唐新明,张涛,戴海伦,彭瑶瑶

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第6期页码 92-100 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.06.017

摘要：

作为典型的清洁能源类型之一，分布式光伏具有投资小、建设快等特点，可以有效解决能源短缺的农村地区和负荷密度高的工业区用电问题。建筑物屋顶是分布式光伏设施建设的重要载体，建筑物的数量直接关系着分布式光伏的建设潜力，因而监测和分析全国建筑的空间分布对分布式光伏的规划建设具有重要价值。本文以 2 m 分辨率国产高分卫星遥感影像为数据源，利用深度学习技术提取了全国范围的建筑区，典型区域建筑占比系数表征全国不同区域的建筑屋顶面积；分析全国建筑屋顶的空间特征，研究分布式光伏的建设潜力分布格局，结合人口空间分布提出了分布式光伏的建设路径建议。研究表明，遥感提取建筑物技术精度达到 81.63%，能够满足后续分析的数据需求；全国约 1.4×104 km² 的建筑屋顶有潜力建设分布式光伏。按照分布式光伏就地建设、就地使用原则，各省份可分为四个梯队，从东部人口稠密且分布式光伏建设潜力大的区域开始建设，分级分步推进全国的分布式光伏建设实施；建立基于卫星遥感的全国分布式光伏建设动态监测机制，为分布式光伏建设规划路径的动态更新提供支撑。

关键词：卫星遥感，建筑物提取，分布式光伏，深度学习

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基于自动原位校准的大型飞机构件装配过程三维微位移监测系统 Article

贾振元, 梁冰, 刘巍, 刘坤, 马建伟

《工程（英文）》 2022年第19卷第12期页码 105-116 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.02.023

摘要：

三维（3D）微位移监测在大型飞机装配中起着至关重要的作用。本文提出了一种广泛适用的基于接近传感器的高精度在线3D微位移监测方法和系统，以及相应的原位校准方法，可应用于飞机装配过程中遇到的各种极端工作条件，如紧凑和遮挡的空间。首先建立了一个3D监测模型，仅基于接近传感器测量的一
维距离实现3D微位移监测，该模型涉及传感器外部参数，如测量原点（PBP）和单位位移矢量（UDV）。然后，结合空间变换原理和加权优化校准方法，获得高精度外部参数。最后，针对尾翼装配过程开展了校准和监测实验。PBP 的校准精度在X、Y 方向优于±10 μm，在Z 方向优于±2 μm，UDV 的校准精度优于0.07°。此外，3D微位移监测系统的精度可达到±15 μm。总体而言，本文为基于接近传感器的3D微位移监测的建模和校准提供了新的见解，并为飞机装配过程中紧凑空间内的几何测量提供了一种高精度、高效率、低成本的技术手段。

关键词：飞机制造装配校准状态监测位移测量